Jetons Non Fongibles (NFTs)
Comment créer un NFT
Pour créer un NFT, vous devez :
- Télécharger l'image sur IPFS comme Arweave
- Télécharger les métadonnées json sur IPFS comme Arweave
- Appeler metaplex pour créer un compte pour le NFT
Télécharger sur Arweave
import fs from "fs";
import Arweave from "arweave";
(async () => {
const arweave = Arweave.init({
host: "arweave.net",
port: 443,
protocol: "https",
timeout: 20000,
logging: false,
});
// Upload image to Arweave
const data = fs.readFileSync("./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png");
const transaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
data: data,
});
transaction.addTag("Content-Type", "image/png");
const wallet = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("wallet.json", "utf-8"))
await arweave.transactions.sign(transaction, wallet);
const response = await arweave.transactions.post(transaction);
console.log(response);
const id = transaction.id;
const imageUrl = id ? `https://arweave.net/${id}` : undefined;
console.log("imageUrl", imageUrl);
// Upload metadata to Arweave
const metadata = {
name: "Custom NFT #1",
symbol: "CNFT",
description: "A description about my custom NFT #1",
seller_fee_basis_points: 500,
external_url: "https://www.customnft.com/",
attributes: [
{
trait_type: "NFT type",
value: "Custom",
},
],
collection: {
name: "Test Collection",
family: "Custom NFTs",
},
properties: {
files: [
{
uri: imageUrl,
type: "image/png",
},
],
category: "image",
maxSupply: 0,
creators: [
{
address: "CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx",
share: 100,
},
],
},
image: imageUrl,
};
const metadataRequest = JSON.stringify(metadata);
const metadataTransaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
data: metadataRequest,
});
metadataTransaction.addTag("Content-Type", "application/json");
await arweave.transactions.sign(metadataTransaction, wallet);
console.log("metadata txid", metadataTransaction.id);
console.log(await arweave.transactions.post(metadataTransaction));
})();
// 1. Upload image to Arweave
const data = fs.readFileSync("./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png");
const transaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
data: data,
});
transaction.addTag("Content-Type", "image/png");
const wallet = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("wallet.json", "utf-8"))
await arweave.transactions.sign(transaction, wallet);
const response = await arweave.transactions.post(transaction);
console.log(response);
const id = transaction.id;
const imageUrl = id ? `https://arweave.net/${id}` : undefined;
// 2. Upload metadata to Arweave
const metadataRequest = JSON.stringify(metadata);
const metadataTransaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
data: metadataRequest,
});
metadataTransaction.addTag("Content-Type", "application/json");
await arweave.transactions.sign(metadataTransaction, wallet);
await arweave.transactions.post(metadataTransaction);
from arweave.arweave_lib import Wallet, Transaction, API_URL
import json
# Load your arweave wallet
your_ar_wallet = Wallet('wallet.json')
with open('./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png', 'rb') as f:
img_in_bytes = f.read()
# Upload image to Arweave
transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=img_in_bytes)
transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'image/png')
transaction.sign()
transaction.send()
image_url = API_URL+"/"+transaction.id
# Define metadata
metadata = {
"name": "Custom NFT #1",
"symbol": "CNFT",
"description": "A description about my custom NFT #1",
"seller_fee_basis_points": 500,
"external_url": "https://www.customnft.com/",
"attributes": [
{
"trait_type": "NFT type",
"value": "Custom"
}
],
"collection": {
"name": "Test Collection",
"family": "Custom NFTs",
},
"properties": {
"files": [
{
"uri": image_url,
"type": "image/png",
},
],
"category": "image",
"maxSupply": 0,
"creators": [
{
"address": "CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx",
"share": 100,
},
],
},
"image": image_url,
}
# Upload metadata to Arweave
meta_transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=json.dumps(metadata))
meta_transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'text/html')
meta_transaction.sign()
meta_transaction.send()
metadata_url = API_URL+"/"+meta_transaction.id
print(metadata_url)
# 1. Load your arweave wallet
your_ar_wallet = Wallet('wallet.json')
# 2. Upload image to Arweave
with open('./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png', 'rb') as f:
img_in_bytes = f.read()
transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=img_in_bytes)
transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'image/png')
transaction.sign()
transaction.send()
image_url = API_URL+"/"+transaction.id
# 3. Upload metadata to Arweave
meta_transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=json.dumps(metadata))
meta_transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'text/html')
meta_transaction.sign()
meta_transaction.send()
metadata_url = API_URL+"/"+meta_transaction.id
Créer le NFT
Si vous avez déjà téléchargé l'image et les métadonnées, vous pouvez créer le NFT avec le code suivant.
import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import {
Connection,
clusterApiUrl,
Keypair,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import dotenv from "dotenv";
dotenv.config();
(async () => {
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
const keypair = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
Buffer.from(JSON.parse(process.env.SOLANA_KEYPAIR!.toString()))
);
const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));
const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
keypair.publicKey,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);
const mintNFTResponse = await metaplex.nfts().create({
uri: "https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk",
maxSupply: 1,
});
console.log(mintNFTResponse);
})();
const mintNFTResponse = await metaplex.nfts().create({
uri: "https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk",
maxSupply: 1,
});
Remarque
Vous ne pouvez pas créer un NFT avec un créateur différent de celui de votre portefeuille. Si vous rencontrez des problèmes de créateur, assurez-vous que vos métadonnées vous mentionnent en tant que créateur.
Comment obtenir les métadonnées des NFTs
Les métadonnées des NFTs de Metaplex sont stockées sur Arweave. Afin d'obtenir les métadonnées d'Arweave, vous devez récupérer le PDA de Metaplex et décoder les données du compte.
import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const keypair = Keypair.generate();
const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));
const mintAddress = new PublicKey(
"Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK"
);
const nft = await metaplex.nfts().findByMint({ mintAddress });
console.log(nft.json);
/*
{
name: 'SMB #139',
symbol: 'SMB',
description: 'SMB is a collection of 5000 randomly generated 24x24 pixels NFTs on the Solana Blockchain. Each SolanaMonkey is unique and comes with different type and attributes varying in rarity.',
seller_fee_basis_points: 600,
image: 'https://arweave.net/tZrNpbFUizSoFnyTqP4n2e1Tf7WvP3siUwFWKMMid_Q',
external_url: 'https://solanamonkey.business/',
collection: { name: 'SMB Gen2', family: 'SMB' },
attributes: [
{ trait_type: 'Attributes Count', value: 2 },
{ trait_type: 'Type', value: 'Solana' },
{ trait_type: 'Clothes', value: 'Orange Shirt' },
{ trait_type: 'Ears', value: 'None' },
{ trait_type: 'Mouth', value: 'None' },
{ trait_type: 'Eyes', value: 'Cool Glasses' },
{ trait_type: 'Hat', value: 'None' }
],
properties: {
files: [ [Object], [Object] ],
category: 'image',
creators: [ [Object] ]
}
}
*/
})();
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const keypair = Keypair.generate();
const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));
const mintAddress = new PublicKey(
"Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK"
);
const nft = await metaplex.nfts().findByMint({ mintAddress });
console.log(nft.json);
Comment obtenir le propriétaire d'un NFT
Si vous avez la clé de création (mint key) d'un NFT, vous pouvez trouver son propriétaire actuel en regardant le plus grand compte de jetons pour ce mint.
Rappelez-vous que les NFTs ont une offre de 1, et qu'ils sont indivisibles, ce qui signifie qu'un seul compte de jetons détiendra ce jeton à un moment donné, tandis que tous les autres comptes de jetons pour cette clé de création auront un solde de 0.
Une fois que le plus grand compte de jeton est identifié, nous pouvons retrouver son propriétaire.
import { Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
const tokenMint = "9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK";
const largestAccounts = await connection.getTokenLargestAccounts(
new PublicKey(tokenMint)
);
const largestAccountInfo = await connection.getParsedAccountInfo(
largestAccounts.value[0].address
);
console.log(largestAccountInfo.value.data.parsed.info.owner);
/*
PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 6ddf6e1d765a193d9cbe146ceeb79ac1cb485ed5f5b37913a8cf5857eff00a9>
}
*/
})();
const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
const tokenMint = "9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK";
const largestAccounts = await connection.getTokenLargestAccounts(
new PublicKey(tokenMint)
);
const largestAccountInfo = await connection.getParsedAccountInfo(
largestAccounts.value[0].address
);
console.log(largestAccountInfo.value.data.parsed.info.owner);
Comment obtenir les adresses de création des NFTs
Si vous connaissez la clé publique de la Candy Machine, vous pouvez obtenir la liste de toutes les adresses de création des NFTs générées par cette Candy Machine en utilisant le code suivant. Notez que nous pouvons utiliser le filtre memcmp
suivant car, dans la v1, le premier créateur est toujours l'adresse de la Candy Machine.
Candy Machine V1
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import bs58 from "bs58";
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 32;
const MAX_URI_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH = 10;
const MAX_CREATOR_LEN = 32 + 1 + 1;
const MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT = 5;
const MAX_DATA_SIZE =
4 +
MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
4 +
MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
4 +
MAX_URI_LENGTH +
2 +
1 +
4 +
MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT * MAX_CREATOR_LEN;
const MAX_METADATA_LEN = 1 + 32 + 32 + MAX_DATA_SIZE + 1 + 1 + 9 + 172;
const CREATOR_ARRAY_START =
1 +
32 +
32 +
4 +
MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
4 +
MAX_URI_LENGTH +
4 +
MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
2 +
1 +
4;
const TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
"metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s"
);
const candyMachineId = new PublicKey("ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE");
const getMintAddresses = async (firstCreatorAddress: PublicKey) => {
const metadataAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(
TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM,
{
// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.
dataSlice: { offset: 33, length: 32 },
filters: [
// Only get Metadata accounts.
{ dataSize: MAX_METADATA_LEN },
// Filter using the first creator.
{
memcmp: {
offset: CREATOR_ARRAY_START,
bytes: firstCreatorAddress.toBase58(),
},
},
],
}
);
return metadataAccounts.map((metadataAccountInfo) =>
bs58.encode(metadataAccountInfo.account.data)
);
};
getMintAddresses(candyMachineId);
const getMintAddresses = async (firstCreatorAddress: PublicKey) => {
const metadataAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(
TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM,
{
// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.
dataSlice: { offset: 33, length: 32 },
filters: [
// Only get Metadata accounts.
{ dataSize: MAX_METADATA_LEN },
// Filter using the first creator.
{
memcmp: {
offset: CREATOR_ARRAY_START,
bytes: firstCreatorAddress.toBase58(),
},
},
],
}
);
return metadataAccounts.map((metadataAccountInfo) =>
bs58.encode(metadataAccountInfo.account.data)
);
};
getMintAddresses(candyMachineId);
Candy Machine V2
Si vous utilisez une Candy Machine v2, vous devrez d'abord accéder à son adresse "Candy Machine Creator" qui est un simple PDA utilisant candy_machine
et l'adresse de la Candy Machine v2 comme seeds. Une fois que vous avez l'adresse du créateur, vous pouvez l'utiliser de la même manière que pour la v1.
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import bs58 from "bs58";
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 32;
const MAX_URI_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH = 10;
const MAX_CREATOR_LEN = 32 + 1 + 1;
const MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT = 5;
const MAX_DATA_SIZE =
4 +
MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
4 +
MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
4 +
MAX_URI_LENGTH +
2 +
1 +
4 +
MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT * MAX_CREATOR_LEN;
const MAX_METADATA_LEN = 1 + 32 + 32 + MAX_DATA_SIZE + 1 + 1 + 9 + 172;
const CREATOR_ARRAY_START =
1 +
32 +
32 +
4 +
MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
4 +
MAX_URI_LENGTH +
4 +
MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
2 +
1 +
4;
const TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
"metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s"
);
const CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
"cndy3Z4yapfJBmL3ShUp5exZKqR3z33thTzeNMm2gRZ"
);
const candyMachineId = new PublicKey("ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE");
const getMintAddresses = async (firstCreatorAddress: PublicKey) => {
const metadataAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(
TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM,
{
// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.
dataSlice: { offset: 33, length: 32 },
filters: [
// Only get Metadata accounts.
{ dataSize: MAX_METADATA_LEN },
// Filter using the first creator.
{
memcmp: {
offset: CREATOR_ARRAY_START,
bytes: firstCreatorAddress.toBase58(),
},
},
],
}
);
return metadataAccounts.map((metadataAccountInfo) =>
bs58.encode(metadataAccountInfo.account.data)
);
};
const getCandyMachineCreator = async (
candyMachine: PublicKey
): Promise<[PublicKey, number]> =>
PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
[Buffer.from("candy_machine"), candyMachine.toBuffer()],
CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM
);
(async () => {
const candyMachineCreator = await getCandyMachineCreator(candyMachineId);
getMintAddresses(candyMachineCreator[0]);
})();
const getCandyMachineCreator = async (
candyMachine: PublicKey
): Promise<[PublicKey, number]> =>
PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
[Buffer.from("candy_machine"), candyMachine.toBuffer()],
CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM
);
const candyMachineCreator = await getCandyMachineCreator(candyMachineId);
getMintAddresses(candyMachineCreator[0]);
Comment récupérer tous les NFTs d'un portefeuille ?
Pour obtenir tous les NFTs d'un portefeuille, vous devrez obtenir tous les comptes de jetons et ensuite analyser lesquels sont des NFTs. Tout cela peut être fait en utilisant findDataByOwner
de la bibliothèque js Metaplex.
import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"), "confirmed");
const keypair = Keypair.generate();
const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));
const owner = new PublicKey("2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7");
const allNFTs = await metaplex.nfts().findAllByOwner({ owner });
console.log(allNFTs);
})();
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"), "confirmed");
const keypair = Keypair.generate();
const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));
const owner = new PublicKey("2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7");
const allNFTs = await metaplex.nfts().findAllByOwner({ owner });
console.log(allNFTs);