Solana Cookbook

Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

How to create an NFT

NFT를 만들기 위해 당신이 해야 하는 것:

  1. Arweave와 같은 IPFS에 이미지를 업로다합니다.
  2. Arweave와 같은 IPFS에 json 메타데이터를 업로드합니다.
  3. NFT를 위한 Account를 생성하기 위해 metaplex를 호출합니다.

Upload to Arweave

Press </> button to view full source
import fs from "fs";
import Arweave from "arweave";

(async () => {
  const arweave = Arweave.init({
    host: "arweave.net",
    port: 443,
    protocol: "https",
    timeout: 20000,
    logging: false,
  });

  // Upload image to Arweave
  const data = fs.readFileSync("./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png");

  const transaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
    data: data,
  });

  transaction.addTag("Content-Type", "image/png");

  const wallet = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("wallet.json", "utf-8"))
  
  await arweave.transactions.sign(transaction, wallet);

  const response = await arweave.transactions.post(transaction);
  console.log(response);

  const id = transaction.id;
  const imageUrl = id ? `https://arweave.net/${id}` : undefined;
  console.log("imageUrl", imageUrl);

  // Upload metadata to Arweave

  const metadata = {
    name: "Custom NFT #1",
    symbol: "CNFT",
    description: "A description about my custom NFT #1",
    seller_fee_basis_points: 500,
    external_url: "https://www.customnft.com/",
    attributes: [
      {
        trait_type: "NFT type",
        value: "Custom",
      },
    ],
    collection: {
      name: "Test Collection",
      family: "Custom NFTs",
    },
    properties: {
      files: [
        {
          uri: imageUrl,
          type: "image/png",
        },
      ],
      category: "image",
      maxSupply: 0,
      creators: [
        {
          address: "CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx",
          share: 100,
        },
      ],
    },
    image: imageUrl,
  };

  const metadataRequest = JSON.stringify(metadata);

  const metadataTransaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
    data: metadataRequest,
  });

  metadataTransaction.addTag("Content-Type", "application/json");

  await arweave.transactions.sign(metadataTransaction, wallet);

  console.log("metadata txid", metadataTransaction.id);

  console.log(await arweave.transactions.post(metadataTransaction));
})();

from arweave.arweave_lib import Wallet, Transaction, API_URL
import json

# Load your arweave wallet
your_ar_wallet = Wallet('wallet.json')

with open('./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png', 'rb') as f:
    img_in_bytes = f.read()

# Upload image to Arweave
transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=img_in_bytes)
transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'image/png')
transaction.sign()
transaction.send()

image_url = API_URL+"/"+transaction.id

# Define metadata
metadata = {
    "name": "Custom NFT #1",
    "symbol": "CNFT",
    "description": "A description about my custom NFT #1",
    "seller_fee_basis_points": 500,
    "external_url": "https://www.customnft.com/",
    "attributes": [
        {
            "trait_type": "NFT type",
            "value": "Custom"
        }
    ],
    "collection": {
        "name": "Test Collection",
        "family": "Custom NFTs",
    },
    "properties": {
        "files": [
            {
                "uri": image_url,
                "type": "image/png",
            },
        ],
        "category": "image",
        "maxSupply": 0,
        "creators": [
            {
                "address": "CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx",
                "share": 100,
            },
        ],
    },
    "image": image_url,
}

# Upload metadata to Arweave
meta_transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=json.dumps(metadata))
meta_transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'text/html')
meta_transaction.sign()
meta_transaction.send()

metadata_url = API_URL+"/"+meta_transaction.id

print(metadata_url)

Mint the NFT

만약 당신이 이미지와 메타데이터를 이미 업로드했다면, 당신은 아래의 코드로 NFT를 mint 할 수 있습니다.

Press </> button to view full source
import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import {
  Connection,
  clusterApiUrl,
  Keypair,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import dotenv from "dotenv";

dotenv.config();

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const keypair = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    Buffer.from(JSON.parse(process.env.SOLANA_KEYPAIR!.toString()))
  );

  const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
  metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));

  const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    keypair.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);

  const mintNFTResponse = await metaplex.nfts().create({
    uri: "https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk",
    maxSupply: 1,
  });

  console.log(mintNFTResponse);
})();

Note

당신의 지갑과 다른 크리에이터로 NFT를 mint 할 수 없습니다. 만약 당신이 크리에이터 이슈와 마주한다면, 당신의 메타데이터의 크리에이터가 당신으로 되어있는지 확인하세요.

How to get NFT Metadata

Metaplex NFT들은 Arweave에 저장된 메타데이터를 갖고 있습니다. Arweave 메타데이터를 얻기 위해 당신은 Metaplex PDA를 얻어야 하고 Account Data를 디코드 해야 합니다.

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import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
  const keypair = Keypair.generate();

  const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
  metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));

  const mintAddress = new PublicKey(
    "Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK"
  );

  const nft = await metaplex.nfts().findByMint({ mintAddress });

  console.log(nft.json);
  /*
  {
    name: 'SMB #139',
    symbol: 'SMB',
    description: 'SMB is a collection of 5000 randomly generated 24x24 pixels NFTs on the Solana Blockchain. Each SolanaMonkey is unique and comes with different type and attributes varying in rarity.',
    seller_fee_basis_points: 600,
    image: 'https://arweave.net/tZrNpbFUizSoFnyTqP4n2e1Tf7WvP3siUwFWKMMid_Q',
    external_url: 'https://solanamonkey.business/',
    collection: { name: 'SMB Gen2', family: 'SMB' },
    attributes: [
      { trait_type: 'Attributes Count', value: 2 },
      { trait_type: 'Type', value: 'Solana' },
      { trait_type: 'Clothes', value: 'Orange Shirt' },
      { trait_type: 'Ears', value: 'None' },
      { trait_type: 'Mouth', value: 'None' },
      { trait_type: 'Eyes', value: 'Cool Glasses' },
      { trait_type: 'Hat', value: 'None' }
    ],
    properties: {
      files: [ [Object], [Object] ],
      category: 'image',
      creators: [ [Object] ]
    }
  }
  */
})();

How to get the owner of an NFT

만약 당신이 NFT의 mint key를 갖고 있다면, 그 mint key에 대한 가장 큰 Token Account를 몰래 엿봐서 이 NFT의 현재 소유자를 찾을 수 있습니다.

NFT들은 1개의 Token을 가진다는 것과 나눌 수 없다는 것을 기억하세요. 이것은 오직 하나의 Token Account만이 그 Token을 가진다는 것을 의미합니다. 그리고 해당 mint key에 대한 모든 다른 Token Account들은 0 balance를 가질 것입니다.

가장 큰 Token Account가 식별된다면 우리는 이 Account의 소유자를 조회할 수 있습니다.

Press </> button to view full source
import { Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
  const tokenMint = "9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK";

  const largestAccounts = await connection.getTokenLargestAccounts(
    new PublicKey(tokenMint)
  );
  const largestAccountInfo = await connection.getParsedAccountInfo(
    largestAccounts.value[0].address
  );
  console.log(largestAccountInfo.value.data.parsed.info.owner);
  /*
    PublicKey {
        _bn: <BN: 6ddf6e1d765a193d9cbe146ceeb79ac1cb485ed5f5b37913a8cf5857eff00a9>
    }
     */
})();

How to get NFT Mint Addresses

만약 당신이 Candy Machine의 public key를 안다면, 당신은 아래의 코드를 사용해 Candy Machine으로부터 만들어진 모든 NFT mint Address들의 리스트를 얻을 수 있습니다. 우리가 memcmp 필터를 사용할 수 있다는 사실에 주목하세요. 이는 v1에서 첫 번째 크리에이터는 항상 Candy Machine의 Address이기 때문입니다.

Candy Machine V1

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import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import bs58 from "bs58";

const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 32;
const MAX_URI_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH = 10;
const MAX_CREATOR_LEN = 32 + 1 + 1;
const MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT = 5;
const MAX_DATA_SIZE =
  4 +
  MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_URI_LENGTH +
  2 +
  1 +
  4 +
  MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT * MAX_CREATOR_LEN;
const MAX_METADATA_LEN = 1 + 32 + 32 + MAX_DATA_SIZE + 1 + 1 + 9 + 172;
const CREATOR_ARRAY_START =
  1 +
  32 +
  32 +
  4 +
  MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_URI_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
  2 +
  1 +
  4;

const TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
  "metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s"
);
const candyMachineId = new PublicKey("ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE");

const getMintAddresses = async (firstCreatorAddress: PublicKey) => {
  const metadataAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(
    TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM,
    {
      // The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.
      dataSlice: { offset: 33, length: 32 },

      filters: [
        // Only get Metadata accounts.
        { dataSize: MAX_METADATA_LEN },

        // Filter using the first creator.
        {
          memcmp: {
            offset: CREATOR_ARRAY_START,
            bytes: firstCreatorAddress.toBase58(),
          },
        },
      ],
    }
  );

  return metadataAccounts.map((metadataAccountInfo) =>
    bs58.encode(metadataAccountInfo.account.data)
  );
};

getMintAddresses(candyMachineId);

Candy Machine V2

만약 당신이 Candy Machin v2를 사용하고 있다면, 당신은 우선 candy_machine과 Machine v2 Address를 seeds로 사용하는 간단한 PDA인 "Candy Machine Creator" Address에 접근할 필요가 있을 것입니다. 당신이 크리에이터 Address를 가진다면 당신은 우리가 v1에서 했던 것과 같은 방법으로 이것을 사용할 수 있습니다.

Press </> button to view full source
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import bs58 from "bs58";

const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 32;
const MAX_URI_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH = 10;
const MAX_CREATOR_LEN = 32 + 1 + 1;
const MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT = 5;
const MAX_DATA_SIZE =
  4 +
  MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_URI_LENGTH +
  2 +
  1 +
  4 +
  MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT * MAX_CREATOR_LEN;
const MAX_METADATA_LEN = 1 + 32 + 32 + MAX_DATA_SIZE + 1 + 1 + 9 + 172;
const CREATOR_ARRAY_START =
  1 +
  32 +
  32 +
  4 +
  MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_URI_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
  2 +
  1 +
  4;

const TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
  "metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s"
);
const CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
  "cndy3Z4yapfJBmL3ShUp5exZKqR3z33thTzeNMm2gRZ"
);
const candyMachineId = new PublicKey("ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE");

const getMintAddresses = async (firstCreatorAddress: PublicKey) => {
  const metadataAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(
    TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM,
    {
      // The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.
      dataSlice: { offset: 33, length: 32 },

      filters: [
        // Only get Metadata accounts.
        { dataSize: MAX_METADATA_LEN },

        // Filter using the first creator.
        {
          memcmp: {
            offset: CREATOR_ARRAY_START,
            bytes: firstCreatorAddress.toBase58(),
          },
        },
      ],
    }
  );

  return metadataAccounts.map((metadataAccountInfo) =>
    bs58.encode(metadataAccountInfo.account.data)
  );
};

const getCandyMachineCreator = async (
  candyMachine: PublicKey
): Promise<[PublicKey, number]> =>
  PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [Buffer.from("candy_machine"), candyMachine.toBuffer()],
    CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM
  );

(async () => {
  const candyMachineCreator = await getCandyMachineCreator(candyMachineId);
  getMintAddresses(candyMachineCreator[0]);
})();

How to get all NFTs from a wallet?

한 지갑으로부터 모든 NFT들을 얻으려고 할 때, 당신은 모든 Token Account들을 얻고 어떤 것이 NFT들인지 구분할 필요가 있을 것입니다. 이것은 Metaplex의 js 라이브러리인 findDataByOwneropen in new window을 사용해 가능합니다.

Press </> button to view full source
import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"), "confirmed");
  const keypair = Keypair.generate();

  const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
  metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));

  const owner = new PublicKey("2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7");
  const allNFTs = await metaplex.nfts().findAllByOwner({ owner });

  console.log(allNFTs);
})();
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Contributors: TaeGit